Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe yi-20 yomsebenzi onzima e-China, imboni ye-photovoltaic yase-China iye yaba yeyona marike inkulu ye-photovoltaic kunye neziko lokuvelisa i-photovoltaic kunye neenzuzo zayo kubuchwepheshe kunye nesikali."I-Photovoltaic" ligama eliqhelekileyo nelingaqhelekanga;ikwalilizwi elothusayo nelinika ithemba.Ixesha lokutshintsha kwamandla lizise amandla aluhlaza kumakhaya ethu.Yenza ubomi bethu bube ngcono.
"Imeko yoPhuhliso kunye namaThemba exesha elizayo le-China ye-Photovoltaic Industry ngo-2022" ekhutshwe yi-China Photovoltaic Industry Association ibonisa ukuba kwi-2021, i-photovoltaic industry yelizwe lam, imveliso ye-polysilicon ibeka kuqala kwihlabathi kwi-11 iminyaka elandelelanayo;imveliso yemodyuli ye-photovoltaic iqala kuqala kwihlabathi kwi-15 iminyaka elandelelanayo;Umthamo ofakiweyo ubeka indawo yokuqala kwihlabathi iminyaka eyi-9 ilandelelana;I-cumulative efakwe amandla e-photovoltaics iqala kuqala kwihlabathi kwi-7 iminyaka elandelelanayo.Namhlanje, nokuba kusekhaya okanye phesheya, imeko okanye ukulindela, imboni ye-photovoltaic iyakhula.
Kodwa abantu bakwanamathandabuzo malunga nokuba "intonga enkulu yorhwebo" yeminyaka elishumi edlulileyo iya kuphinda, nokuba ukunyuka kwezixhobo zesilicon kuya kuqhubeka nokubeka uxinzelelo kushishino, kwaye yeyiphi inkampani enokuthi ivelele phantsi kokhuphiswano oluqatha, njl., kwaye ezi. ingaba zonke zithathwe kwimboni ye-photovoltaic.Impendulo ifumaneka kwinkqubo yophuhliso.
Ngeminyaka yee-1970, ingxaki yeoli yaqhambuka, kwaye ishishini lokuvelisa amandla elanga le-photovoltaic lazisa ithuba elihle lophuhliso kwihlabathi liphela.Ngelo xesha, iUnited States yayiyi-hegemon ye-photovoltaic industry.Ngenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuqokelela iteknoloji, inani lamashishini e-photovoltaic eklasini yehlabathi lazalwa, kwaye amanye amazwe aphuhlisiwe alandela kwaye aphuhlisa ngamandla ishishini le-photovoltaic.
E-China, ngenxa yeenzuzo eziphezulu zokuvelisa iiphaneli ze-silicon ye-polycrystalline, iinkampani ezininzi ziye zaba yi-photovoltaic cell foundries, kodwa obu buchule bokuvelisa bubonelelwa ikakhulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye umthamo wasekhaya we-photovoltaic ofakelweyo uphantsi kakhulu.Ngo-2000, iNkomfa yeHlabathi yezaMandla ye-IEA yaqikelela ukuba ngo-2020, umthamo we-photovoltaic ofakiweyo waseTshayina uya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-0.1GW.
Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwemboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina lugqithise kakhulu olu lindelo.Kwelinye icala, uphando lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso luqhubekile ukwenza impumelelo.Ilizwe liye laseka ngokulandelelana inani leelabhoratri eziphambili kunye namaziko ophando lobuchwephesha bobunjineli, kwaye lisebenzisana nezikolo zasekhaya ezaziwayo ukwenza uphando olusisiseko kwizinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic.
Kwelinye icala, umlinganiselo wamashishini ukhulile.Ngo-1998, uMiao Liansheng, owangenisa iinxalenye ezivela eJapan ukuze zidibanise izibane ze-solar neon, waba nomdla kakhulu kwishishini lamandla elanga waza waseka i-Baoding Yingli New Energy Co., Ltd., yaba yinkampani yokuqala yaseTshayina ye-photovoltaic industry.
Ngo-2001, ngenkxaso yoRhulumente kaMasipala waseWuxi, uShi Zhengrong, owafunda phantsi “koyise wamandla elanga” uNjingalwazi uMartin Green, wabuya kufunda phesheya waseka iWuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd., eye yaba lihlabathi ukusukela ngoko. -i-photovoltaic enkulu eyaziwayo.Ebudeni be-2004, kunye nokuqaliswa kwe "Kyoto Protocol", "uMthetho waMandla aVuselelwayo" kunye neebhili zayo ezihlaziyiweyo, imboni ye-photovoltaic yehlabathi jikelele yazisa ukuqhuma okupheleleyo.
Iinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic zithatha ithuba lemeko yokuma kwinqanaba lehlabathi.NgoDisemba ka-2005, i-Suntech yaba lishishini lokuqala labucala kwilizwe laseTshayina ukudweliswa kwiNew York Stock Exchange.NgoJuni 2007, uYingli wadweliswa ngempumelelo kwiNew York Stock Exchange.Ngeli xesha, iinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic ezifana ne-JA Solar, iZhejiang Yuhui, i-Jiangsu Canadian Solar, i-Changzhou Trina Solar, kunye ne-Jiangsu Linyang ziye zidweliswe ngempumelelo phesheya emva komnye.Idatha ibonisa ukuba ngo-2007, imveliso yehlabathi yeeseli zelanga yayiyi-3,436 MW, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-56%.Phakathi kwabo, isabelo semarike yabavelisi baseJapan sehla ukuya kwi-26%, kwaye isabelo semarike sabavelisi baseTshayina senyuke saya kuma-35%.
Kwi-2011, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina yazisa ixesha eliyingozi.Ingxaki yezemali yehlabathi ifikelele kwimarike ye-photovoltaic yaseYurophu, kwaye i-United States iqalise uphando "lombini-anti" kwiinkampani zaseTshayina photovoltaic.Ngenkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo emininzi, iinkampani ze-photovoltaic ziye zafumanisa indawo yazo yokuhlala kwimarike yasekhaya.
Ukususela ngoko, sele ixesha elide "izakhono zangaphakathi" kwiinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic.Ukusuka kwizixhobo ze-silicon, ii-wafers ze-silicon, iiseli ukuya kwiimodyuli, iibhetshi zeenkampani ezivelisa izinto ezintsha ziye zavela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, anje nge-GCL, ethe yaphula i-monopoly yetekhnoloji ye-polysilicon.Iqela, iQela le-LONGi, elikhuthaza ukutshintshwa kwe-polysilicon nge-silicon ye-monocrystalline, iQela le-Tongwei, elidlula kwiikona nge-teknoloji yeseli ye-PERC, njalo njalo.Nangona umgaqo-nkqubo wemboniselo ye-photovoltaic uhoxise inkxaso-mali, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina, esele iphambili kwimboni ye-photovoltaic yehlabathi, iguqule ngokukhawuleza kwaye yangena kwinqanaba lophuhliso ngokubhekiselele kwinjongo ye "grid parity".Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, iindleko zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ziye zehla.80%-90%.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iingxaki "zentonga yorhwebo" azipheli.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-United States, i-Indiya kunye namanye amazwe asebenzise amanyathelo okuthintela ukurhweba ngamaxesha amaninzi ukwenzela ukukhusela imboni yabo ye-photovoltaic, njenge-United States 201 uphando, uphando lwe-301 kunye nophando lwe-India oluchasene nokulahla.Ngo-Matshi walo nyaka, amajelo eendaba ase-US aphinde achaza ukuba iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US liza kuphanda ukuba ngaba abavelisi bamandla elanga baseTshayina bajikeleza iirhafu zelanga ngokwenza ishishini kumazwe amane akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia.Ukuba uphando luyinyani, i-US iya kubeka iirhafu kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ezivela kula mazwe amane ase-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia.amaxabiso aphezulu.
Ngexesha elifutshane, liya kuba nefuthe ekusebenzeni kweenkampani ze-photovoltaic zasekhaya, ngokukodwa iinkampani ezinxulumene nomlinganiselo ophezulu weemarike zangaphandle okanye ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2021, ingeniso yemarike yaseMelika iya kuba yi-yuan eyi-13 yeebhiliyoni, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-47%, kubalelwa kwi-16% yengeniso epheleleyo;imakethi yaseYurophu iya kuba 11.4 billion yuan, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-128%, kubalelwa kwi-14% yengeniso iyonke.Kodwa imboni yanamhlanje ye-photovoltaic yaseChina ayikho into eyayiyiyo ngaphambili.Ikhonkco lezoshishino elizimeleyo kunye nokulawulwayo lithintele "intamo exinyiweyo" njenge-chip.Itekhnoloji kunye nobungakanani bophando kunye nophuhliso kunye nemveliso zinenzuzo, kwaye intengiso enkulu yemfuno phantsi kojikelezo lwangaphakathi nayo inamandla enkxaso, ukungqubana kweemarike zaphesheya kunokuba buhlungu kwezinye iinkampani, nje ukuba itekhnoloji kunye neemveliso ziyinkosi, kunzima. ukushukumisa isiseko.
Ukujongana nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwemboni ye-photovoltaic, abantu bethu abanetalente baqhubeka benyuka phezulu kwishishini.Sinobuchwephesha kwinkqubo ye-photovoltaic kunye nokusebenza kokucoca kunye nokugcinwa, kwaye sikhanyisela amawaka abahlobo abavela kwihlabathi lonke.izigidi zemizi.Ikwabonelela ngamandla e-photovoltaic eluhlaza kubahlobo kwihlabathi liphela.Ubulumko bunokukhanyisa ihlabathi eliluhlaza.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-27-2022