Iintsingiselo kuShishino olutsha lwaMandla
Kumxholo wempendulo yehlabathi kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokukhuthazwa kokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla, ukucoca, ukuchithwa kwe-decarbonized kunye noshishino lwamandla olusebenzayo lube yimvumelwano.Iindleko zokuvelisa amandla amatsha zehle kakhulu.Ukusukela ngo-2009, iindleko zokuvelisa umbane welanga zehle ngama-81%, kwaye iindleko zokuveliswa kwamandla omoya elunxwemeni zehle ngama-46%.Ngokoqikelelo lwe-EA (International Energy Agency), ngowama-2050, i-90% yombane wehlabathi iya kuvela kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, apho amandla elanga nawomoya xa edibene athatha phantse i-70%.
KwiGlobal Zero-Carbon Path, Amandla aVuselelekayo aya kuba ngowona mthombo waMandla uLawulayo
I-Photovoltaic Industry Distribution Market
Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kweemveliso ze-photovoltaic kumazwekazi ahlukeneyo kuya kunyuka ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo.Imarike yaseYurophu yabona ukwanda okukhulu, ukuya kuma-72% ngonyaka.Ngo-2021, iYurophu iya kuba yeyona marike iphambili yokuthumela ngaphandle, ibalelwa malunga ne-39% yexabiso lilonke lokuthumela ngaphandle.Amaqhekeza e-silicon kunye neeseli zithunyelwa kakhulu e-Asiya.
Idatha yokuThunyelelwa kweMveliso yePV ngo-2021
Ngomhla we-13 ku-Apreli, i-Ofisi yeNgcaciso yeBhunga likaRhulumente yabamba inkomfa yenkomfa malunga nokungeniswa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle imeko kwikota yokuqala ye-2022. U-Li Kuiwen, umkhulumeli we-General Administration of Customs kunye nomlawuli weSebe le-Statistics kunye noHlalutya, wathi ekuqaleni ngekota, ixabiso lilonke lorhwebo lwelizwe lam lwangaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle laliyi-9.42 yetriliyoni yeyuan, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-10.7%.Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwikota yokuqala, ilizwe lam lithumele iimveliso zoomatshini kunye nezombane ukuya kwi-3.05 yetriliyoni yeyuan, ukwanda kwe-9.8%, kubalelwa kwi-58.4% yexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle, apho iiseli zelanga zonyuke nge-100.8% ngonyaka- unyaka, ukubeka kwindawo yokuqala kudidi lweemveliso zoomatshini nezombane.
I-Energy Crisis ikhawuleza imfuno yamandla avuselelekayo - Ngo-Matshi 8, iKomishoni yaseYurophu ikhuphe imephu yendlela yokuzimela kwamandla ukukhawuleza ukuphuhliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwamandla aseRashiya.IJamani iphakamise ngokukhawuleza i-100% ekujoliswe kuyo amandla ahlaziyekayo ukusuka kwi-2040 ukuya kwi-2035 ukuya kwi-2025. Umthamo we-photovoltaic osanda kufakwa eYurophu uphantse waphinda kabini (49.7GW Vs. 25.9GW).IJamani igcina izinga lokuqala lokukhula kwaye kulindeleke ukuba amazwe e-12 afikelele kwiimarike ze-GW-level (okwangoku i-7).
Imakethi yebhetri yamandla ehlabathi “ibekwe yedwa” yiTshayina, iJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea.Ukuthunyelwa kwebhetri yamandla kula mazwe mathathu kwenza i-90% yetotali yehlabathi.I-60% yemali.
1. Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kweteknoloji, ixabiso leebhetri zokugcina amandla kwihlabathi liye lancitshiswa ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ubungakanani bemarike buqhubekile ukwandisa.Kuqikelelwa ukuba imakethi yokugcina amandla kwihlabathi jikelele iya kufikelela kwi-58 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika kwiminyaka engama-21.
2. Izithuthi zombane zisakwindawo eqhelekileyo, phantse isiqingatha sesabelo semarike;iibhetri zezithuthi zamandla amatsha zinemiqobo ephezulu yokungena kwaye zilawulwa zizigebenga zaseTshayina zokuvelisa ibhetri.
3. Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwebhetri yogcino lwamandla eTshayina kuyaqhubeka ukukhula, ngesantya sokukhula esingaphezulu kwama-50% kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo.Kulindeleke ukuba iqondo lokukhula kwebhetri yogcino lwamandla ehlabathi jikelele liya kuba malunga ne-10-15% kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo.
4. Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseChina ikakhulu zingena eMzantsi Korea, eUnited States, eJamani, eVietnam njengelizwe laseAsia, naseHong Kong, eChina njengesikhululo sothutho, kwaye iimveliso zihamba zisiya kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi.
Okwangoku, iibhetri zelizwe lam zithunyelwa ikakhulu kuMntla Melika naseAsia.Ngo-2020, ukuthunyelwa kwebhetri yelizwe lam e-United States kwafikelela kwi-3.211 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, kubalelwa kwi-14.78% yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-China iyonke, kwaye iseyeyona ndawo inkulu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwebhetri yelizwe lam.Ukongeza, inani leebhetri ezithunyelwa eHong Kong, eJamani, eVietnam, eMzantsi Korea naseJapan nazo zingaphezulu kwe-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, ezibalelwa kwi-10.37%, 8.06%, 7.34%, 7.09% kunye ne-4.77% ngokulandelanayo.Ixabiso lilonke lokuthumela ngaphandle kwezona ndawo ziphezulu ezintandathu zokuthumela ngaphandle iibhetri zibalelwa kuma-52.43%.
Ngenxa yeenzuzo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza / ukukhutshwa kwamandla aphezulu / ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu / ubomi bomjikelezo omde weebhetri ze-lithium-ion, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ubala umlinganiselo omkhulu.
Phakathi kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zokusetyenziswa kwebhetri, ukuthunyelwa kwezithuthi zombane kumazwe angaphandle kubalelwe ngaphezulu kwe-51%, kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zogcino lwamandla kunye nezinye iimveliso zombane zabathengi bekusondele kuma-30%.
Ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso yehlabathi kunye nezithuthi zombane ziqhuba uphuhliso lweebhetri.Kuqikelelwa ukuba umthamo ofakiweyo we-photovoltaics uya kuphinda kabini ukuya kwi-300GW kwiminyaka emihlanu, kwaye ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kweefotovoltaics ezisasazwayo kuya kuqhuba imfuno yokuba iibhetri zokugcina amandla zikhule.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, phantsi kwemvelaphi yamazwe amakhulu anjengeTshayina, iYurophu, iJapan, iSouth Korea, kunye ne-United States ngamandla ukuphuhlisa izithuthi zamandla amatsha kwihlabathi liphela, ukuthengiswa ngokubanzi kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha emhlabeni kuye kwanda, kunye nombane. izithuthi, izithuthi ezicothayo ezifana neeforklift, izithuthi zezolimo, njl.njl. zikhuthaze imfuno yeebhetri zombane.ukunyuka.Ngenxa yophuculo lwetekhnoloji kubathengi be-elektroniki, izixhobo, njl.njl., izicelo zebhetri ziya zisanda.
Inkqubo yePhotovoltaic:
Ngokutsho kwe-forecast ye-International Energy Agency, kwi-2022, i-forecasted efakwe amandla e-photovoltaics esasazwayo iya kunyuka ngo-20% ngonyaka, kwaye ukwanda kwe-photovoltaics esasazwayo kuya kuphinda kabini ngo-2024. I-PV esasazwayo (ukuveliswa kwamandla <5MW) iya kuphendula malunga nesiqingatha semarike yePV iyonke, ifikelele kwi-350GW.Phakathi kwabo, ii-photovoltaics ezisasazwa kwimizi-mveliso kunye nezorhwebo ziye zaba yeyona marike iphambili, ibalelwa kwi-75% yomthamo osanda kufakwa kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.Umthamo ofakiweyo weenkqubo ze-photovoltaic zasekhaya kumakhaya kulindeleke ukuba uphindwe kabini ukuya kwi-100 yezigidi zemizi ngo-2024.
Idatha evela kwiqonga lokuthenga lamazwe ngamazwe elaziwayo libonisa ukuba abathengi bathenga ikakhulu igridi edibeneyo kunye negridi edibeneyo yendlu kunye neenkqubo ze-photovoltaic zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo.Phakathi kwabathengi bokukhangela imveliso ye-photovoltaic, i-50% yabathengi ngokwenene bafuna iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-70% ye-GMV ivela kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic.Ingeniso yengeniso yokuthengiswa kwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic iphezulu kakhulu kuneemveliso zomntu ngamnye ezifana neemodyuli kunye ne-inverters ezithengiswa ngokwahlukileyo.Kwangaxeshanye, iimfuno zoyilo lwabarhwebi, ukuthatha iodolo, kunye nezakhono zokudibanisa ikhonkco lokubonelela nazo ziphezulu.
Iinkqubo ze-Photovoltaic zihlukaniswe zibe ziifom ezintathu: i-grid-ixhunyiwe, i-off-grid, kunye ne-hybrid.Izityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezingaphandle kwegridi zigcina amandla elanga kwiibhetri, kwaye emva koko ziguqulelwe kumbane wendlu engama-220v ngee-inverters.Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic edityaniswe ngegridi ibhekisa kuqhagamshelo kunye neentloko.Isikhululo samandla e-photovoltaic esinegridi asinaso isixhobo sokugcina amandla ombane kwaye siwuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kumbane ofunwa yigridi yesizwe nge-inverter, kwaye sibeka phambili ukusetyenziswa kwendlu.Inokuthengiswa kumazwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-06-2022